Cartesian Diver Essay Example for Free

Cartesian Diver Essay Cartesian is named after the French mathematician and philosopher Rene Descartes, who lived from 1596 until 1650. Cartesian diver lab is used commonly in scientific experiments to illustrate principle of buoyancy. The objective of this Cartesian diver lab is to demonstrate Pascals law and Archimedes principles. Observation is the key to conduct this experimental study of the Cartesian diver. First a 2-liter bottle is filled with water to almost all the way to the top, then prepare the diver which is a test tube, fill the test tube about 50-60% with water, place the diver inside the bottle the diver should float near the water surface then secure the cap on the bottle. When the container is squeezed, the diver should sink to the bottom of the container. Release the bottle slowly, the diver should come up in reverse order. The Cartesian diver shows that air is compressible and water is incompressible. When the container is squeeze, the pressure from squeeze is distributed equal throughout the container and the volume of air in the diver decreases because of the increased pressure of the water surrounding the diver. Since the volume of air inside the diver decreased, and water filled up where the air use to be, the diver becomes denser and will begin to sink if enough pressure is applied. It begins to sink because it becomes denser so the upward force of the water is not great enough to keep the diver floating. When the container is not squeezed, the diver will float back to the top because the pressure that was compressing the air in the diver was relived so the air could take is normal volume again which make it least dense. Therefore the Cartesian diver does demonstrate the compressibility of a gas, the incompressibility of water. The Cartesian diver experiment also demonstrates the Pascals law. According to Pascals law, when the bottle is squeezed, the applied pressure increase throughout the bottle by the same amount include inside of the diver. The control volume for this lab experiment is the entire water bottle including the diver inside. Objects float or sink as a result of their density. Density can be described as the amount of weight in a specific volume. An object is buoyant if its relative density is less than the density of the fluid that is surrounding it. According to Archimedes principle, an object will be buoyed up by a force that is equal to the weight of water that it displaces. The air inside the diver can be compressed much more easily than water, therefore the water level inside the diver increase as the bottle is queezed due to the pressure increase. The applied pressure by squeezed the bottle can be determine by using this equation: P =F/A(1) Where P is the applied pressure, F is the force by the fingers and A is the area of the fingers touch the bottle 14. 14? cm? ^2. With the applied pressure, the pressure rise in the bottle based on water level change inside the diver can be estimate by using this equation: P =? gh (2) Where P is the applied pressure, ? is the water density, g is gravity and h is the height of the water rise, 0. 3cm. Combine equation (1) and (2) the force by the figure equals 0. 416N and applied pressure equals 29. 43pa The Cartesian diver experiment demonstrates Archimedes principles. Objects either float or sink because of buoyancy, buoyancy is the upward force that keeps objects floating. If the buoyancy exceeds the weight then the object floats and if the weight exceeds the buoyancy then the object sinks, therefore Neutral buoyancy is achieved when the mass of an object equals the mass it displaces in a s urrounding medium. This offsets the force of gravity that would otherwise cause the object to sink. An object that has neutral buoyancy will neither sink nor rise. According to Archimedes principles the buoyant force acting on a body of uniform density immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body, and it acts upward through the centroid of the displaced volume: F_B=? _f gV_sub (3) Where F_B is the buoyancy force, ? _f is fluid density, g is gravity and V_sub is the submerge volume. F=mg (4) Where F is the weight of the object, m is the mass of the object and g is the gravity. By relating equation (3) and (4) the buoyancy force equals 0. 1N and mass of the tube is about 1g. PV=? RT (5) Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, ? is the density, R is the gas constant and T is the temperature. P_2/P_1 =h_1/h_2 (6) Where P_1 the pressure rise of the bottle, P_2 Pressure rise of the diver, h_1 is the height of pressure rise in bottle and h_2 is the height of pressure rise in diver. Cartesian diver can achieve a neutrally buoyant state. However when the C artesian diver reach the neutrally buoyant state it will be an unstable equilibrium like a ball on a hill, a very small change can cause to rise or sink again. The hydrostatic pressure is a very important factor in the Cartesian diver, the hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity. The hydrostatic pressure of the water increase as the diver sinks, for this particular Cartesian diver a small change in hydrostatic pressure will affect the diver to sink, rise or stay and the key to achieve the diver to stay neutrally buoyant is the precise measurement of how far the diver sinks before it sinks completely or floats. The principle of buoyancy of a submarines are very similar to the Cartesian diver. Submarines can control their buoyancy by pumping air into the ballast tanks increases the submarine’s buoyancy and allows it to float to the surface like Cartesian diver at initial state when there is enough air inside of the diver, the Cartesian diver can also control buoyancy depends on how hard the person squeezed the bottle. Submarines could also releasing air and allowing water to fill the ballast tanks to decreases the submarine’s buoyancy and allows it to sink, similar to the Cartesian diver when the bottle is squeezed, the water level in diver increase which also decrease its buoyancy, so the Cartesian diver sinks. For submarines to reach neutral buoyancy, the water filling in the ballast tanks must be precise so the buoyancy force will equals to the weight of submarine, similar to the Cartesian diver when the applied force is just right, the diver will to reach neutral buoyancy. The Cartesian diver lab shows the fundamental principles of Pascals law and buoyancy. At the initial state of the Cartesian diver, the diver floats on top of the water. Because of buoyancy is greater than the diver’s weight then as bottle is squeezed the pressure increase uniformly which cause the diver increase its water level which decrease its buoyancy so it drops to the bottom of the bottle. When the bottle is release the diver rise to top of the water again due to the pressure that was compressing the air in the diver was relived so the air could take is normal volume again which increased the buoyancy back to its initial state.

Legalization :: essays research papers

Marijuana and other â€Å"pleasure† drug are outlawed completely under Federal Statues, banned by virtually every state as well†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is not likely that excessive use of marijuana does fog the brain and causes other harm, as its enemies claim†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But this isn’t crucial point being interpreted. The key point is that if you accept the Libertarian promise that your life is your own and not the state’s, the government doesn’t have any business telling you what you can and can not do. With the exception of prohibiting you from using force or fraud against others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marijuana, the flowering tops of the cannabis plant should be legalized. Marijuana and Hemp has many benefits including medical, economical, libertarian, and political.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marijuana, or cannabis, is commonly described as a recreational drug. In the Unites States, it has been considered an illegal narcotic for the past sixty to seventy years. Cannabis presently is a political issue. The public and officials everywhere are discussing many issues, which concern it. When smoked or ingested, it produces a physical or mental psychological affect. The government considers the narcotic to be harmful to the nation. They believe that the drug causes health problems and accidents. Until recently, these laws have been unarguable in every state. In 1996 Propositions 215 and 200 were voted into effect in the states of California and Arizona. The propositions amend consisting laws allowing physicians to recommend marijuana as medicine and patients to grow, posses, and use it. Hemp is a form of cannabis that has been rediscovered as a natural resource. It was also banned in the 1930’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Propositions 215 amend laws to allow patients to grow and posses marijuana with doctor’s recommendation. People suffering or dying can receive a written or oral recommendation, if their doctor feels it will help them physically or mentally. In California, proposition 215 is called the Compassionate Use Act of 1996. It’s proposal won 56 % to 44% among California citizens and is beginning to take effect now. In Arizona, a similar act was passed called proposition 200. Many people, including doctors, law officials, political officials, and AIDS patients argue in favor of the proposition. They claim that cannabis is very effective in treating cancer, glaucoma, and AIDS, as well as many other illnesses. They see no reason why doctors are allowed to prescribe addictive, powerful, and lethal drugs like morphine, but are prohibited to distribute or recommend marijuana.

Health and Culture

Use the four factors from Willis' (2004, as cited in Germov, 2009, p. 6) sociological imagination template to gain background information to analyse the question. †¢ Historical factors †¢ Cultural factors †¢ Structural factors †¢ Critical factors Be sure to specifically identify and describe issues for each factor in your analysis. (approx. 400 words; use one academic source – your textbook, Second Opinion). It is commonly debated whether traditional health practices should be encouraged by the World Health Organisation. Wills’ Sociological Imagination template helps reflect on this topic.This template created by Willis (2004, as cited in Germov, 2005, p. 21) provides an opportunity for me to gain a better background analysis and fresh view of the world tradition health practices that are in place. The four factors involved in this template include historical, cultural, structural and critical. This template will help me question my views and assumpt ions to gain a greater insight to the answering this question. Willis describes the four factors of the sociological imagination as interrelated. Willis’ use of the historical factors enables me to connect how past historical influencing are effecting the present problems.I would ague that traditional health practices has carved a strong niche within the provisions of health care. However, I can’t disagree that tradition medicines can be historically seen as the oldest form of health care. It makes me realise that it is, no wonder it has become such an embedded part of todays cultural tradition especially in the poorer countries. Willis also comments that cultural influences also effect the present. From what I understand traditional medicine is the knowledge and practice that is based on theories and belief that are implement throughout cultural history.I would say understanding cultural factors and beliefs associated with traditional medicine practices is important t his is because I believe it will give me good grounding on the belief systems that influence this type of healthcare. Structural factors is something that I would describe as distinguishing one society from another. However, I think this can not be confused with culture, language, or ethnicity, but rather the social structure of the society as a whole. Willis describes this very similar to my idea, in saying that it is how a social groups structure and shape their lives.My views in this, is that every ethnic culture has its own relationship to the environment, thus cultural values have become an integrated part of social structure. I know that from reflecting on my own life that medical knowledge has changed and developed over time and that theoretical knowledge of medicine, has taken over from the once experimental knowledge. However, I would ague that poorer countries structure are not westernised like my own and therefore traditional medicine practices can be the only way that so me social groups can survive.Willis also allows a critical factor approach thinking, that is based on what can be improved on the present circumstances. This critical approach thinking to traditional medicine helps me to understand a stance that prompts possible better social positioning. This factor allows me to have a more in-depth knowledge on the political struggles operating within health care and what can be done to improve it. 515words Step 3: Next, identify and cite one of the readings, articles or videos from the eModule and describe how it has helped you to gain a deeper understanding of this topic.Remember to relate the information from this resource back to the factors from the sociological imagination template. (approx. 400 words; use two academic sources – one from your textbook + one from the eModule) Having discussed factors that define and ground traditional health practices in relation to the sociological imagination template, my attention will now turn to d iscuss two statements made in the third eModule that helps me gain a deeper understanding of this topic. Mcmurray (2007, p. 7) suggests, ealth and illness is socially constructed with the concept that health is a product of the individuals and their interaction with the environment. Mcmurray (2007, p. 310) again backs up this information and refers that health or illness are expressed and defined in different ways in different cultural groups based on the ways the particular group relates with the environment. When I first read this statement, it confirmed my ideologies in regards to the different societies and the influences that structure a cultures way of life.My feeling towards this simply enforces the fact that people are very much a product of their own environment. In recognising that poorer societies are raised on the ideologies of history and cultural influences it is fair for me to agree with Mcmurray statement. When I relate poorer countries medical practices to my own li fe is can not be argued the perception would vary greatly. Being brought up in Australia surround by westernised practices, has made me very accustomed to the fact that medical advice is accessible anywhere.This information has not only become part of normal social structure but is constantly changing as medicine advances. Critical factors always allow for westinised medicine to improve on what it is currently. For me to compare Australian medical practices to a poor countries, it would be obvious that medical information would be a lot different due to the resources available. Mcmurray statement has given me a more in-depth insight into how cultural groups view illness and the practices in place, based on the long generational history.However, it is now becoming apparent to me, that for many of these third world countries, historical practices can sometimes be the only information that people are receiving in regards to healthcare. I can now see that health is indeed very different in cultural group, as they perceive illness differently due to their surrounding environment. Third world countries really only have cultural traditions to base there medical practices on. Not only this but Mcmurray also mentioned that the environment around them is the only source of availability.It makes me question the prevelegeses that I have coming from a structural westernised society. In Australia social structure allows people to have healthcare access but I have never thought past this, that the society structures in poor countries don't have those same privileges. It seems traditional medical practices is the base to the health care system in a lot of the third world countries. I ask myself, is this issue due to poorer country letting health structures and standards slip or is it an easier approach put in place by third world countries to help manage health care because of economical poverty. 15words Step 4: Now, building upon your understanding from sources you identifie d in the previous steps, answer the original question you identified in Step 1, using at least four academic sources (e. g. journal articles, research reports) to support your answer. Locate these academic sources through your own information search. (600 words; use at least 4 new academic/literature sources. Only one website permitted. ) With the information that I have gathered, I will revert back to the original question of whether the World Health Organisation should encourage tradition health practices in the poorer countries.I was very unaware that the World Health Organisation has had much debate into the protection of tradition health care practices in developing countries (Wilhelm, 2008). From the research that I have gathered, Tanaka, Kendal and Laland, (2009) comment’s that over 60-80% of the population that use traditional medicine are predominately from developing countries. What I have learnt is that this research indicates that this form of practice has become an accepted form of healthcare. However, when I reflect this back to Australia, in no way is tradition medicine what I would consider first choice in health care.From what I have always experienced, westernised medicine has always been the primary health care choice in my household. I would relate this directly back to my family background, as we have always relied on convenient and up-to date health care knowledge. However, I had limited knowledge that traditional medicine had also become part of Australian practice. This lack of knowledge was confirmed by Tanaka et al, that indeed tradition health care has gained immense popularity and acceptance.This new found information has now become more relatable to that of a third world countries. It makes me question, if westernised countries are implicating these practices, then where are third world countries going wrong? In contrast to tradition health practice's also becoming part of Australia health care, my research has shown that Th e World Health Organisation have launched a huge global outcry to encourage an increase awareness into the safety, quality, efficacy of traditional practices.From what I understand of traditional health practices is that it has always been under scrutiny in it questionability of effectiveness. Pera and Tonder, (2005) confirms this and argues that many modern practitioners disagree with this form of health care as ‘traditional healers’ have not got the knowledge base or skill to be-able to give out an accurate diagnosis in medicine. Although I do agree with this statement, I believe WHO needs to continue to support and encourage tradition healers as third world countries haven't got western medicine and medical knowledge is unattainable.Although cultural and historical factors my account for why communities of third world countries use tradition health practices, I found it also important to remember that social structures such as economic’s and political forces a re also involved. As previously mentioned, Australian have access to health resources, with everyone entitled to medical care. On the other hand it has become apparent to me that this is no the case for poorer economical countries, that don't have the resources to support such a system.I now realise that it is no wonder that countries in this predicament have no choice but to rely on basic health care. From this I have learnt how important it is that WHO supports this practice, to still ensure people have access to some kind of health care. However,by encouraging this practice, I believe it is also essential that education and awareness is created within this practice. This comes under critical factors in the sociological template that gives the ability to suggest improvements to the current system.I agree with the idea’s of Bodeker et al (2005) in that urgent attention need to be given to educate traditional practioniers on information and use of medical substances. Bodeker et al also explains the need to sensitise the public so they are aware of the availability and benefits of tradition health therapies. I think it will make a vast difference by The World Health Organisation promoting tradition healthcare, especially if it can incorporate the factors outline in what I thought was a critical factor. Step 5:Finally, choose one of the Graduate Attributes (at the front of the Unit Outline) that is most relevant to this assessment and how answering this eModule question has helped you to develop this Graduate Attribute I feel answering whether traditional medicine practice should be encourage, has helped me develop a good understanding of a particular Graduate attribute of this unit. This graduate attribute was all about demonstrating respect for each individual and human diversity; however, i feel that answering the original question I have had to develop this skill.I argue this because from the very beginning of becoming a student nurse it was always cr ucial that we understood and implemented dignity for transcultural care. With this particular topic being covered by the sociological template, cultural factors were covered. It became apparent to me what a large influence culture had on traditional health practices. By learning and applying culturally competent care I have now learnt the importances of human dignity and how to implement this nursing intervention to incorporate many values and cultural beliefs.I think this skill of recognising respect for human diversity is essential as all cultures want their values and beliefs upheld and respected. I see learning and applying the sociological imagination is so important to get a grasp into all element of the use of traditional medicine. (100 words; no literature required) Reference Bodeker, G. , Ong, C. K. , Grundy, C. , Burford, G. , & Shein, K. (2005). orld health organization global atlas of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine. (Vol. 1, p. 31). World Health Orga nization. Pera, S. A. & Tonder, S. (2005). Ethics in health care. (2 ed. , pp. 195-196). Landsowne: Juta & Co. Tanaka, M. , Kendal, J. , & Laland, K. (2009). From traditional medicine to witchcraft: why medical treatments are not always efficacious. Journal Article; Research Support, 4(4), 5192. doi: 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0005192 Tjale, A. , & De Villiers, L. (2004). Cultural issues in health and health care: A resourcebook for southern africa . (p. 23). Landsowne: Juta & Co. Wilhelm, K. (2008). Encyclopedia of public health . (2 ed. , Vol. 2, pp. 611-613). New York: Springer

The Jack Roller

Peter Wilke Professor Callais Analysis Paper February 11, 2013 The Jack Roller In the book The Jack Roller author Clifford Shaw is a criminologist who has researched many different youthful deviants to see exactly when the deviance begins and how it evolves. The book dives deep into the mind of a particular case of a boy named Stanley in Chicago during the 1920’s. From the beginning of the book Stanley is abused by his stepmother often being set aside so she could tend to here actual children. I believe this book is most accurately depicts the social learning theory.Stanley has been exposed to a multitude of positive outlooks of crime from his family and friends at an extremely young age. I support the blank slate theory because in the very beginning of the book Stanley’s stepmother encourages him to act in deviant behavior. â€Å"One day my stepmother told William to take me to the railroad yard to break into box-cars. † (52-53). So Stanley has been taken under the wing of his step-brother who is stealing stuff for there stepmother, in return they are rewarded for stealing. This is a perfect example of an exposing Stanley to a positive outlook on crime.With this happening it kick started Stanley’s deviant behavior he began stealing for fun for many years, constantly being picked up by the police and taken to detentions homes which were not much of a punishment for him. Stanley enjoyed being in the detention home more than his real home so the consequence for his criminal behavior almost was a reward for him. In the detention home, Stanley was able to meet other criminal that furthermore gave him positive reinforcement of crime, â€Å"I was really awed by the bravery and wisdom of the older crooks. Their stories of adventure fascinated my childish imagination, and I felt drawn to them. (57). These criminal that Stanley met inspired him; they gave him someone to look up to, someone that he could aspire to be through crime. After bein g released Stanley was picked up by his step mother only to run away yet again to survive a couple days then be picked up by the police on the street. This process happened a multitude of times until eventually he was sent to the St. Charles School for Boys. â€Å"The strict discipline, hard punishment, no recreation, fear, and unfair breaks made life miserable. † (68). St. Charles was the first negative consequence for his crimes.Stanley was absolutely miserable there and yearned to get out just to go back to stealing. In observing this book you realize that all Stanley knows is crime, he frequently is in and out of a job, and keeps one for rarely over a month. Stanley knows nothing but crime it has been engraved into his â€Å"clean slate†, and he has learned how to survive off of it. After serving 16 months Stanley was released for St. Charles only to be arrested not soon after and return back to St. Charles for another month. After being released Stanley makes some what of an attempt at earning his money honestly and goes though a multitude of jobs.He starts out living with this stepsister, only to be kicked out because of missing rent. He then meets a very friendly woman who takes him into her homes and lets him live. Stanley enjoys the company of this woman and uses her as somewhat of an emotional release, â€Å"This time I was not afraid, but felt a wave of depression and sadness come over me, because a woman was offering me sympathy; something I had never received before. † (76). Stanley lived with this woman for about a month soon to find out she was a prostitute, although he was shocked he did not condemn her for it and Stanley understood.He still left her to go to the YMCA only to return to the detention home. The interaction with Stanley and the prostitute enforces the social learning theory because it is exposing Stanley to his first mother figure that is a criminal. The only positive female influence in his entire life makes h er living based off of crime; one could see how this could impact such an impressionable youthful mind. Eventually the vice president of a company he worked for took in Stanley, the man had no children and was very wealthy.Stanley enjoyed living with him and his wife but yearned for the freedom of his city, and at the first opportunity gather up his money and ran away. After this Stanley began to become involved in much more elaborate burglaries and â€Å" Jack Rolling†, he became with a â€Å"gang† of other boys and was making a large amount of money robbing and stealing. â€Å"So we plied our trade with a howling success for two months. Sometimes we made as much as two hundred dollars in a single day. † (97), this expressed an enormous positive reinforcement of crime to Stanley.Stanley has never made this type of money in his life before, it is much more fun and easier in his opinion than working a job and you can make much more than a job. In this book I beli eve Stanley was raised on a life of crime, nearly everything he was exposed to provided a positive outlook on this crime. He simply never was exposed to any real punishment before it was to late. All of the friendly people he met were criminals, such as the prostitute and his gang, he made a large amount of money â€Å"jack rolling†, and he enjoyed the ego from his criminal record with all the respect it earned him from the youth.The social learning theory supports Stanley’s case because his family, peers, school, and his environment all directed him into a life of crime. The other possible theory I could see one choosing would be the control theory, assuming that people are naturally inclined to commit crime could seem like it could fit Stanley’s case. The reason I did not choose it is because the environment that Stanley was in I feel created him. His stepmother, his siblings and stepsiblings, the detention home, his gang, and people such as the prostitute all impacted his deviant life an extreme amount. The Jack Roller Peter Wilke Professor Callais Analysis Paper February 11, 2013 The Jack Roller In the book The Jack Roller author Clifford Shaw is a criminologist who has researched many different youthful deviants to see exactly when the deviance begins and how it evolves. The book dives deep into the mind of a particular case of a boy named Stanley in Chicago during the 1920’s. From the beginning of the book Stanley is abused by his stepmother often being set aside so she could tend to here actual children. I believe this book is most accurately depicts the social learning theory.Stanley has been exposed to a multitude of positive outlooks of crime from his family and friends at an extremely young age. I support the blank slate theory because in the very beginning of the book Stanley’s stepmother encourages him to act in deviant behavior. â€Å"One day my stepmother told William to take me to the railroad yard to break into box-cars. † (52-53). So Stanley has been taken under the wing of his step-brother who is stealing stuff for there stepmother, in return they are rewarded for stealing. This is a perfect example of an exposing Stanley to a positive outlook on crime.With this happening it kick started Stanley’s deviant behavior he began stealing for fun for many years, constantly being picked up by the police and taken to detentions homes which were not much of a punishment for him. Stanley enjoyed being in the detention home more than his real home so the consequence for his criminal behavior almost was a reward for him. In the detention home, Stanley was able to meet other criminal that furthermore gave him positive reinforcement of crime, â€Å"I was really awed by the bravery and wisdom of the older crooks. Their stories of adventure fascinated my childish imagination, and I felt drawn to them. (57). These criminal that Stanley met inspired him; they gave him someone to look up to, someone that he could aspire to be through crime. After bein g released Stanley was picked up by his step mother only to run away yet again to survive a couple days then be picked up by the police on the street. This process happened a multitude of times until eventually he was sent to the St. Charles School for Boys. â€Å"The strict discipline, hard punishment, no recreation, fear, and unfair breaks made life miserable. † (68). St. Charles was the first negative consequence for his crimes.Stanley was absolutely miserable there and yearned to get out just to go back to stealing. In observing this book you realize that all Stanley knows is crime, he frequently is in and out of a job, and keeps one for rarely over a month. Stanley knows nothing but crime it has been engraved into his â€Å"clean slate†, and he has learned how to survive off of it. After serving 16 months Stanley was released for St. Charles only to be arrested not soon after and return back to St. Charles for another month. After being released Stanley makes some what of an attempt at earning his money honestly and goes though a multitude of jobs.He starts out living with this stepsister, only to be kicked out because of missing rent. He then meets a very friendly woman who takes him into her homes and lets him live. Stanley enjoys the company of this woman and uses her as somewhat of an emotional release, â€Å"This time I was not afraid, but felt a wave of depression and sadness come over me, because a woman was offering me sympathy; something I had never received before. † (76). Stanley lived with this woman for about a month soon to find out she was a prostitute, although he was shocked he did not condemn her for it and Stanley understood.He still left her to go to the YMCA only to return to the detention home. The interaction with Stanley and the prostitute enforces the social learning theory because it is exposing Stanley to his first mother figure that is a criminal. The only positive female influence in his entire life makes h er living based off of crime; one could see how this could impact such an impressionable youthful mind. Eventually the vice president of a company he worked for took in Stanley, the man had no children and was very wealthy.Stanley enjoyed living with him and his wife but yearned for the freedom of his city, and at the first opportunity gather up his money and ran away. After this Stanley began to become involved in much more elaborate burglaries and â€Å" Jack Rolling†, he became with a â€Å"gang† of other boys and was making a large amount of money robbing and stealing. â€Å"So we plied our trade with a howling success for two months. Sometimes we made as much as two hundred dollars in a single day. † (97), this expressed an enormous positive reinforcement of crime to Stanley.Stanley has never made this type of money in his life before, it is much more fun and easier in his opinion than working a job and you can make much more than a job. In this book I beli eve Stanley was raised on a life of crime, nearly everything he was exposed to provided a positive outlook on this crime. He simply never was exposed to any real punishment before it was to late. All of the friendly people he met were criminals, such as the prostitute and his gang, he made a large amount of money â€Å"jack rolling†, and he enjoyed the ego from his criminal record with all the respect it earned him from the youth.The social learning theory supports Stanley’s case because his family, peers, school, and his environment all directed him into a life of crime. The other possible theory I could see one choosing would be the control theory, assuming that people are naturally inclined to commit crime could seem like it could fit Stanley’s case. The reason I did not choose it is because the environment that Stanley was in I feel created him. His stepmother, his siblings and stepsiblings, the detention home, his gang, and people such as the prostitute all impacted his deviant life an extreme amount.

Free Essays on Air Bags

For years, the trusty seat belt provided the sole form of passive restraint in our cars. There were debates about their safety, especially relating to children, but over time, much of the country adopted mandatory seat-belt laws. Statistics have shown that the use of seat belts has saved thousands of lives that might have been lost in collisions. Air bags have been under development for many years. The attraction of a soft pillow to land against in a crash must be very strong the first patent on an inflatable crash-landing device for airplanes was filed during World War II! In the 1980s, the first commercial air bags appeared in automobiles. Since model year 1998, all new cars have been required to have air bags on both driver and passenger sides. (Light trucks came under the rule in 1999.) To date, statistics show that air bags reduce the risk of dying in a direct frontal crash by about 30 percent. Newer than steering-wheel-mounted or dashboard-mounted bags, but not so widely used, are seat-mounted and door-mounted side air bags. Some experts say that within the next few years, our cars will go from having dual air bags to having six or even eight air bags! Having evoked some of the same controversy that surrounded seat-belt use in its early years, air bags are the subject of serious government and industry research and tests. The Basics Before looking at specifics, let's review our knowledge of the laws of motion. First, we know that moving objects have momentum (the product of the mass and the velocity of an object). Unless an outside force acts on an object, the object will continue to move at its present speed and direction. Cars consist of several objects, including the vehicle itself, loose objects in the car and, of course, passengers. If these objects are not restrained, they will continue moving at whatever speed the car is traveling at, even if the car is stopped by a collision. Stopping an object's momentum r... Free Essays on Air Bags Free Essays on Air Bags For years, the trusty seat belt provided the sole form of passive restraint in our cars. There were debates about their safety, especially relating to children, but over time, much of the country adopted mandatory seat-belt laws. Statistics have shown that the use of seat belts has saved thousands of lives that might have been lost in collisions. Air bags have been under development for many years. The attraction of a soft pillow to land against in a crash must be very strong the first patent on an inflatable crash-landing device for airplanes was filed during World War II! In the 1980s, the first commercial air bags appeared in automobiles. Since model year 1998, all new cars have been required to have air bags on both driver and passenger sides. (Light trucks came under the rule in 1999.) To date, statistics show that air bags reduce the risk of dying in a direct frontal crash by about 30 percent. Newer than steering-wheel-mounted or dashboard-mounted bags, but not so widely used, are seat-mounted and door-mounted side air bags. Some experts say that within the next few years, our cars will go from having dual air bags to having six or even eight air bags! Having evoked some of the same controversy that surrounded seat-belt use in its early years, air bags are the subject of serious government and industry research and tests. The Basics Before looking at specifics, let's review our knowledge of the laws of motion. First, we know that moving objects have momentum (the product of the mass and the velocity of an object). Unless an outside force acts on an object, the object will continue to move at its present speed and direction. Cars consist of several objects, including the vehicle itself, loose objects in the car and, of course, passengers. If these objects are not restrained, they will continue moving at whatever speed the car is traveling at, even if the car is stopped by a collision. Stopping an object's momentum r...

Business environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business environment - Research Paper Example Under these marketing conditions, a 'Dominant Strategy' is a course of action which would be followed in response to any course of action taken by the other player. 3. Hiphop or Garries will earn a profit of 6,400 if the other one charge a priced 11 per piece and whoever charges 11 will get a margin of 1,800 because in that situation the other player will charge 10 and sell more units. Collusion between parties occurs when they act in common interest and trust each other. The best example for Collusion is the OPEC where the petroleum prices are fixed in consultation with all the member countries to the maximum advantage of the countries concerned. In collusion there will be an interaction between the players who want to maximize their earnings. By colluding the players divide the total market among themselves and by charging the same price they also share the profits that the business offers. There are still first mover advantages, such as the chance to gain early market share, but without the backing of the right customers and constant innovation, it's always possible to loose the advantages. The advantages that the first entrant gets may not be available to the second one. When both the companies Burger Binge and McDennys want t... Observation on Collusion from the Matrix: From the pay off matrix drawn the following observation is made for collusion: 1. when both Hiphop and Garries charge same price of 11 each one make a profit of 4,500 2. It may be observed this profit of 4,500 is in excess by 500 than what they made while they were selling 10 per piece This is the result of the agreement between both the players to sell the product at 11 and that is the effect of the retailer's collusion. EXPLANATION FOR FIRST MOVER ADVANTAGE: "First Mover Advantage is a notion that being first in a market place gives the first mover an insuperable competitive edge." - David M Katz There are still first mover advantages, such as the chance to gain early market share, but without the backing of the right customers and constant innovation, it's always possible to loose the advantages. The advantages that the first entrant gets may not be available to the second one. I have made the pay off matrix for companies Burger Binge and McDennys with the help of the data provided. Burger Binge McDennys Begin Operation Stay Away Begin Operation - 100,000 - 100,000 0 250,000 Stay Away 250,000 0 0 0 Observation: When both the companies Burger Binge and McDennys want to operate their business it is not possible for both of them to earn any profit. This is what is observed from the matrix. Alternatively if one decides to stay away from the business the other one can earn a profit of 250,000. For example if Burger Binge does the business and McDennys do not enter the market then Burger Binge gets the first mover advantage and earns 250,000. PART B PORTERS FIVE

ANTH 419 Anthropology of Religion Final Take-home Exam Questions (20%) Essay

ANTH 419 Anthropology of Religion Final Take-home Exam Questions (20%) - Essay Example The inattention to sexuality and gender contradicts with the liveliness of gender studies in the recent decades. Sex comes out as a multifaceted social construct, a phenomenon that is complex and is viewed differently by the society (Reilly & Scriver, 2013). Without any doubt, various religious rituals, beliefs and practices shape the gender and sexuality of people in the society. In most religions, if not all, certain practices are designated by the male part of the societies (Reilly & Scriver, 2013). The females are also required to act in a unique way as per the demands of those practices. Within any organized religion, there exist beliefs that seek to address the true nature of sexuality and gender and also the appropriateness of various sexual behaviors. People confined within such religions have diverging levels of agreement(s) with the doctrines of such religions. Gender and sexuality are crucial in religions (Reilly & Scriver, 2013). There are religions that lack the official ground on the purpose of sexuality or gender. These two are regarded by most religious beliefs to represent temptation, a gift, an emotional enforcement and a means of procreation. In many religions, sexuality and gender are deemed as spiritual (Reilly & Scriver, 2013). Others primarily treat the issues to be physical. Some believe that sexuality and gender are only spiritual within the limits of certain kinds of relationship when employed for given purpose. Other religions do not see the difference between the spirituality and physicality of gender. Such religions teach the existence of spiritual-physical mind and that sex and religion seek to fill the gap. Using the religious practices of the Jewish and Hijras of India, there is concrete evidence that religions portray the differences in gender and sexuality. Thus, the approach is to show various similarities and differences of the Jewish and